Because the managers had locked the doors to the stairwells and exits—a common practice at the time to prevent pilferage and unauthorized breaks—many of the workers who could not escape the burning building jumped to the streets below from the eighth, ninth, and tenth floors. It was largely spontaneous, sparked by a short walkout of workers of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, involving only about 20 percent of the workforce. That, however, only prompted the rest of the workers to seek help from the union.
The firm locked out its employees when it learned what was happening. The news of the strike spread quickly to all of the New York garment workers. At a series of mass meetings, after the leading figures of the American labor movement spoke in general terms about the need for solidarity and preparedness, Clara Lemlich rose to speak about the conditions she and other women worked under. She demanded an end to talk and called for a strike of the entire industry.
Approximately 20, out of the 32, workers in the shirtwaist trade walked out during the next two days. The union also became more involved in electoral politics, in part as a result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. The fire had various effects on the community. The Settlement House movement was a reform that intended for the rich and the poor to live together in interdependent communities.
The Settlement House movement was a reformist social movement that began in the s and peaked around the s in England and the United States. Its objective was to get the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an interdependent community. By , there were settlements in 32 states. The movement started in London in the mid-nineteenth century. Settlement houses often offered food, shelter, and basic and higher education that was provided by virtue of charity on the part of wealthy donors, the residents of the city, and for education scholars who volunteered their time.
Victorian England, increasingly concerned with poverty, gave rise to the movement whereby those connected to universities settled students in slum areas to live and work alongside local people. Lenox Hill Neighborhood House, founded in ; Henry Street Settlement, founded in ; and University Settlement House, founded in and the oldest in the United States were important sites for social reform. These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of settlement schools to serve isolated rural communities in Appalachia.
Hull House : Children in line on a retaining wall at Hull House, By , Hull House had grown to 13 buildings. In , the Hull House complex was completed with the addition of a summer camp, the Bowen Country Club. With its innovative social, educational, and artistic programs, Hull House became the standard bearer for the movement that had grown, by , to nearly settlement houses nationally. The Hull mansion and several subsequent acquisitions were continuously renovated to accommodate the changing demands of the association.
The original building and one additional building, which has been moved yards, survives today. Addams followed the example of Toynbee Hall, which was founded in in the East End of London as a center for social reform.
Hull House also held concerts that were free to everyone, offered free lectures on current issues, and operated clubs for both children and adults. In the Progressive Era, when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers. She helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace.
She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed to be able to vote to do so effectively. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities. She is increasingly being recognized as a member of the American Pragmatist school of philosophy.
Maternalist reforms provided assistance for mothers and children, expanding the American welfare state.
Aid to veterans, free grants of land, and pensions for widows and handicapped veterans, have been offered in all U.
Following World War I, provisions were made for a full-scale system of hospital and medical-care benefits for veterans. These state laws made industry and businesses responsible for compensating workers or their survivors when workers were injured or killed in connection with their jobs. Retirement programs for mainly state and local governments date back to the nineteenth century and paid teachers, police officers, and firefighters.
All of these social programs were far from universal and varied considerably from one state to another. Prior to the Great Depression, the United States had social programs that mostly centered around individual efforts, family efforts, church charities, business workers compensation, life insurance, and sick leave programs, as well as on some state tax supported social programs. The misery and poverty of the Great Depression threatened to overwhelm all of these programs. The severe depression of the s made federal action almost a necessity, as neither the states, local communities, and businesses and industries, nor private charities had the financial resources to cope with the growing need among the American people.
Beginning in , the federal government first made loans, then grants, to states to pay for direct relief and work relief. After that, special federal emergency relief such as the Civilian Conservation Corps and other public-works programs were started. In , President Franklin D. This program was expanded several times over the years. One unique trend in the history of welfare in the United States were maternalist reforms. Beginning in the Progressive Era, experiments in public policy took the form of laws providing for state assistance for mothers with young children who did not have the financial support of a male member of the household.
These laws provided financial reimbursements and set limits on the maximum working hours for women. These reforms arose from the belief that government has an obligation and interest in protecting and improving the living standards of women and children. To improve the conditions of women and children, these policies attempted to reconcile the conflicting roles placed on women during this time period.
It was the first national government office in the world that focused solely on the well-being of children and their mothers. The legislation creating the agency was signed into law on April 9, Taft appointed Julia Lathrop as the first head of the bureau. Lathrop, a noted maternalist reformer, was the first woman ever to head a government agency in the United States.
In , Lathrop stepped down as director, and the noted child-labor reformer Grace Abbott was appointed to succeed her. The Sherwood Act of May 11, , was the first important U. It awarded pensions to all veterans. Veterans of the Mexican-American War and Union veterans of the Civil War could receive pensions automatically at age 62, regardless of disability.
Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. The Progressive Era: — Search for:. The Progressive Era. The Progressive Era The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that flourished from the s to the s. Many Progressives sought to rid the government of corruption, and muckraking became a particular type of journalism that exposed waste, corruption, and scandal on a national level. Two of the most important outcomes of the Progressive Era were the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments, the first of which outlawed the manufacturing, sale, or transport of alcohol, and the second of which enfranchised women with the right to vote.
Theodore Roosevelt is often cited as the first Progressive president, known for his trust -busting activities. Progressives did little for civil rights or the plight of African Americans in the aftermath of Reconstruction, as the Supreme Court affirmed the constitutionality of many racist southern laws. Key Terms muckraker : A reform-oriented investigative journalist during the Progressive Era. Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens. Another big movement during the progressive era was the women's suffrage movement which began to get the attention of many people during the early 's.
Women began protesting and also would go on long hunger strikes to be recognized by society. The senate finally took these women seriously by passing the 19 th amendment on August 26, which guaranteed the ever wanted right to vote for women.
More movements that happened during the Progressive era were the idea of social welfare. The people who agreed with this were people who wanted to stop child labor and put major regulations on the big businesses.
A temperance Act was also created during this time and many new laws were put into use to make sure that many of the social problems in the community were to be fixed. Women also helped inforce these laws after gaining their right to vote.
Theodore Roosevelt was a big leader in the progressive movement. Roosevelt moved through offices very quickly because of his fame as a war hero and then moved into presidency after the assassination of p resident Mckinley in Roosevelt was really known for breaking up company trusts like Northern securities, a railroad trust.
Roosevelt was known as the trust-buster among the business owners. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. The Progressive Era: — Search for:. Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism. Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism Although the Progressive Era brought reform to government and business and increased political power for many citizens, its benefits were limited to white Americans; African Americans and other minorities continued to experience discrimination and marginalization during this era.
Learning Objectives Summarize the successes and failures of Progressive efforts during this era. Key Takeaways Key Points The Progressive Era saw many far-reaching reform movements whose goals included eliminating government corruption, granting suffrage for women, and passing antitrust legislation. Four constitutional amendments were passed during the time that increased the democratic influence of citizens and outlawed the production and sale of alcohol.
Despite these successes, the benefits of Progressivism were mostly limited to white Americans. African Americans continued to experience discrimination and oppression, including legal segregation, voting disenfranchisement, and economic disadvantages.
Additionally, the Progressive Era was characterized by disparate, often contradictory goals that impeded the creation of unified reform movement.
Key Terms Plessy v.
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