Organizations can use various SDLC strategies such as waterfall, V-model, iterative, spiral, and agile models. A suitable SDLC model can be selected based on the customer requirements and the objectives of an organization. The benefits of SDLC in software development can be realized if developers understand the customer requirements and strictly follow the documented plan. Peer Review Contributions by: Adrian Murage. Onesmus Mbaabu is a Ph. His interests include economics, data science, emerging technologies, and information systems.
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Importance of SDLC The software development life cycle adds value to software development in the following ways: It provides an effective framework and method to develop software applications. It helps in effectively planning before starting the actual development. SDLC allows developers to analyze the requirements.
It helps in reducing unnecessary costs during development. During the initial phases, developers can estimate the costs and predict costly mistakes. It enables developers to design and build high-quality software products. This is because they follow a systematic process that allows them to test the software before it is rolled out. It provides a basis when evaluating the effectiveness of the software. This further enhances the software product.
An Overview of SDLC stages Requirements collection This is the first phase of software development that involves getting the requirements from clients.
Feasibility study This phase involves analyzing the feasibility of the plans and requirements made in the first stage. The following are some of the questions that need to be answered in this phase: Economic feasibility: Are there enough funds to invest in the development of the software?
Legal feasibility: Is the company able to comply with related regulations? Operational feasibility: Is it possible to meet the workflow and operational requirements set in the requirement stage? Technical feasibility: Does the organization have the necessary technology and human resources for the SDLC process?
Schedule feasibility: Can the development process be completed on time? These questions should be answered carefully and documented before going to the next phase. Design In this phase, the developers are required to refer to the requirements document to design an appropriate architecture for the software.
Software development This is the implementation stage that involves developing the software. Testing In this phase, the software is sent to a testing environment where it is tested by test engineers. Deployment After ensuring that all customer requirements have been met, the developers deploy the software for use. Maintenance This phase involves solving issues faced by the customers when they use the software. Software development process models SDLC models are the methodologies employed by organizations in the development of software.
Waterfall model This model consists of various stages with inputs and outputs. Image Source: Wikimedia Advantages It is a simple model that can be followed by developers in developing software.
It is easy to implement this model. All the phases are clearly defined. It works well in short projects. Disadvantages It is not ideal for complex software development projects.
It consumes a lot of time because each phase should be completed before moving to the next one. It does not enhance customer integration during the development process. Iterative model In this model, software development is first done on a small scale. It is possible to produce working functionalities early in the process lifecycle. It improves risk management because high-risk sections can be handled first.
It allows customers to change requirements easily. Disadvantages Following this model may require enhanced resources. It requires a lot of attention from the management. It is not ideal for small projects. V-Model This model is an extension of the waterfall model. Image Source: Professional QA Advantages It is ideal for small projects where all the requirements are well-understood. It is a simple model that can be used easily by developers. Every phase consists of a review process and certain deliverables, which makes it easier to manage.
The Software Development Life Cycle refers to the phases of work involved in producing software applications. Each phase corresponds to a role or responsibility that contributors to the software must understand, manage, and optimize to deliver their software services with speed and performance.
These stages of work include:. In this stage of work, the team identifies, gathers, and defines current problems, requirements, requests, and customer expectations related to the software application or service. Some activities related to the requirements gathering phase can involve creating software specifications, creating a detailed plan, documentation, issue tracking, and project or product planning, including allocating the correct resources.
Defining software or product requirements gives teams the foresight and context needed to deliver and produce their software solutions. In this design phase of work, the team makes software design decisions regarding the architecture and make of the software solution. This can involve creating design documents, coding guidelines, and discussing the tools, practices, runtimes, or frameworks that will help the team meet the software requirement specification and goals defined in the requirements gathering phase.
In this stage of work, teams build the software solutions based on the design decisions made. Here, teams meet the goals and outcomes set during the software requirements gathering phase by implementing the solution. The development process may involve teams of people, new technologies, and unexpected challenges; however, the development teams typically work with tech leads and product or project managers to unblock the process, make decisions, or provide support. This stage of work ends once teams have packaged and built their code.
In this phase of work, a software implementation is packaged and tested to assure quality. Testing or quality assurance ensures the solutions implemented pass the standard for quality and performance. In this stage of work, the software is deployed into a production environment. The work gathered, designed, developed, and tested is shared with the consumers and users of the software service. This process involves provisioning infrastructure within an on-premise or cloud provider and defining a software deployment strategy for delivering the changes to a customer.
If you want to learn more, we break down deployment strategies and discuss when and why to use each type. In this stage of work, the software is operationalized to ensure there are no issues or incidents related to the deployment.
This stage of work can involve reviewing, understanding, and monitoring network settings, infrastructure configurations, and performance of application services in production.
This process can involve incident resolution or management in the course of any issues or changes made to impact a customer or user base. Now that we know more about the work associated with each part of the SDLC, we can discuss why it matters and how it applies to how we deliver software today.
For many organizations, a challenge is delivering better software faster. Understanding the SDLC allows teams to understand what it takes to deliver features or code changes to customers. The reality for many developers is the need to wait months or years to see code changes make it out to users, coupled with a lack of visibility, communication, and collaboration during the process. Organizations and teams that have the capability to deploy on-demand and in a self-service fashion empower their teams to continue doing their best work.
The tangible deliverables produced from this phase include project plans, estimated costs, projected schedules, and procurement needs. The coding phase includes system design in an integrated development environment. It also includes static code analysis and code review for multiple types of devices. The building phase takes the code requirements determined earlier and uses those to begin actually building the software.
The phase entails the evaluation of the created software. Assessments entail the performance of functional testing: unit testing, code quality testing, integration testing, system testing, security testing, performance testing and acceptance testing, as well as nonfunctional testing.
If a defect is identified, developers are notified. Validated actual defects are resolved, and a new version of the software is produced. The best method for ensuring that all tests are run regularly and reliably, is to implement automated testing.
Continuous integration tools assist with this need. The release phase involves the team packaging, managing and deploying releases across different environments.
In the deployment phase, the software is officially released into the production environment. In the monitor phase, various elements of the software are monitored.
These could include the overall system performance, user experience, new security vulnerabilities, an analysis of bugs or errors in the system. As shown above, security is critical to the SDLC. Synopsys enables you to add security testing to an existing development process, thereby streamlining security throughout the SDLC.
Synopsys solutions help you manage security and quality risks comprehensively, across your organization and throughout the application life cycle. Synopsys offers products and services that can be integrated throughout your SDLC to help you build secure code, fast. Architecture Risk Analysis - Improve your security stance and ensure that you have secure design practices in place by identifying flaws within your systems designs.
Threat Modeling - Bring your application design weaknesses to light by exploring potential hacker exploits. Spot design flaws that traditional testing methods and code reviews might overlook. Address security and quality defects in code while it is being developed, helping you accelerate development an increase overall security and quality.
Defensics - Identify defects and zero-day vulnerabilities in services and protocols. Defensics is a comprehensive, versatile, automated black box fuzzer that enables organizations to efficiently and effectively discover and remediate security weaknesses in software.
Black Duck Software Composition Analysis - secure and manage open source risks in applications and containers. Black duck offers a comprehensive software composition analysis SCA solution for managing security, quality, and license compliance risk that comes from the use of open source and third-party code in applications and containers.
Managed Services - Synopsys Managed Application Security Testing offers the solution for applying AppSec testing effectively across your full application portfolio. Accelerate and scale application security testing with on-demand resources and expertise when you lack the resources or skills to achieve your risk management goals. Managed Services offer support from the code phase of your SDLC through your monitor phase activities:. Penetration testing - Penetration testing analysis helps you find and fix exploitable vulnerabilities in your server-side applications and APIs.
Reduce your risk of a breach by identifying and exploiting business-critical vulnerabilities, before hackers do.
Red Teaming - Ensure your network, physical, and social attack surfaces are secure. Vulnerabilities may seem small on their own, but when tied together in an attack path, they can cause severe damage.
Our red team models how a real-world adversary might attack a system, and how that system would hold up under attack.
Waterfall represents the oldest, simplest, and most structured methodology. Each phase depends on the outcome of the previous phase, and all phases run sequentially. This model provides discipline and gives a tangible output at the end of each phase. There is little room for change once a phase is deemed complete, as changes can affect the cost, delivery time, and quality of the software. The agile methodology produces ongoing release cycles, each featuring small, incremental changes from the previous release.
At each iteration, the product is tested. The agile model helps teams identify and address small issues in projects before they evolve into more significant problems. Teams can also engage business stakeholders and get their feedback throughout the development process. The lean methodology for software development is inspired by lean manufacturing practices and principles.
The lean principles encourage creating better flow in work processes and developing a continuous improvement culture. The seven lean principles are:. In the iterative process, each development cycle produces an incomplete but deployable version of the software. The first iteration implements a small set of the software requirements, and each subsequent version adds more requirements. The last iteration contains the complete requirement set. In the spiral development model, the development process is driven by the unique risk patterns of a project.
The development team evaluates the project and determines which elements of the other process models to incorporate. In the V-shaped model, verification phases and validation phases are run in parallel.
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