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This may cause some discomfort similar to period cramps. Your doctor may advise you to take some pain-relieving medicine before the procedure to reduce this discomfort. The sample of cells will be sent to a specialist doctor called a pathologist for examination under a microscope. If the results of an endometrial biopsy are unclear, you may need another type of biopsy taken during a hysteroscopy. This type of biopsy is taken during a hysteroscopy, which allows the specialist to see inside your uterus and examine the lining for abnormalities.
It will usually be done under a general anaesthetic as day surgery in hospital. The doctor inserts a thin tube with a tiny light and camera known as a hysteroscope through your vagina into the uterus.
To take the biopsy, the doctor uses surgical instruments to gently widen dilate the cervix and then remove some tissue from the uterine lining. You will stay in hospital for a few hours and are likely to have period-like cramps and light bleeding for a few days afterwards. The tissue sample will be sent to a laboratory, and a specialist doctor called a pathologist will look at the cells under a microscope.
The pathologist will be able to confirm whether or not the cells are cancerous, and which type of uterine cancer it is. After uterine cancer is diagnosed, you may have blood tests to check your general health. Your doctor may also arrange one or more of the imaging tests below to see if the cancer has spread outside the uterus. You will usually have a CT computerised tomography scan of your chest, abdomen and pelvis.
A CT uses x-rays and a computer to create a detailed picture of the inside of the body. However, it is not able to detect very small less than 1 cm tumours. You will be asked not to eat or drink anything fast before the scan. You may need to have an injection of or drink a special dye. This dye is called contrast and it makes your organs appear white in the pictures so anything unusual can be seen more clearly.
You will lie on a table that moves in and out of the scanner, which is large and round like a doughnut. The test is painless and takes about 15 minutes. MRI magnetic resonance imaging is not covered by Medicare for uterine cancer, so check with your doctor what you will have to pay.
This scan uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional pictures of the inside of your body. If you are having an MRI scan, let your medical team know if you have a pacemaker or any other metallic object in your body.
The magnet can interfere with some pacemakers, but newer pacemakers are often MRI-compatible. You will usually be asked to fast for four hours before the scan. As with a CT scan, a dye may be injected into a vein to help make the pictures clearer. For the scan, you will lie on a treatment table and it will slide into a large metal tube that is open at both ends.
The test is painless, but the noisy, narrow machine makes some people feel anxious or claustrophobic. If you think you may become distressed, mention it beforehand to the medical team. You may be given medicine to help you relax, and you will usually be offered headphones or earplugs.
This test can take between 30 and 90 minutes. Doctors may also recommend blood tests to help diagnose or stage endometrial cancer , including:.
Advanced genomic testing is the most common lab test for uterine cancer. The analysis examines a tumor for DNA alterations that are driving the growth of cancer. By identifying the mutations that occur in a cancer cell's genome, we may better understand the tumor behavior, and we may be able to tailor a treatment based on these findings. CA test measures the amount of the CA protein in the blood.
High amounts of CA may indicate uterine, ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer, as well as less serious conditions such as endometriosis or abdominal inflammation. We often use this test in combination with other diagnostic methods. A CA test is also used during cancer treatment.
High levels of CA that begin to decline may indicate that the treatment is having a positive effect. If the level instead continues to rise, the doctor may consider changing the treatment regimen. Uterine sarcomas are often found during or following a surgical procedure to address what appeared to be benign fibroid tumors. Many of the same methods used to detect and diagnose endometrial cancer are also utilized for detecting uterine sarcoma, including:.
Other kinds of tests may be needed to determine whether uterine sarcoma has spread beyond the uterus. These include:. These may include arranging for someone to drive home afterward. Be aware of any guidelines to follow once home, such as getting rest and monitoring for side effects.
Make sure you know what to watch for and when to call your care team. Make a difference in the fight against cancer by donating to cancer research.
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